Edema, or swelling, occurs when excess fluid builds up in the body’s tissues, often affecting the ankles, feet, and legs. Common causes include prolonged sitting or standing, high salt intake, hormonal changes, certain medications, and underlying medical conditions such as heart, kidney, or liver issues. Symptoms typically include noticeable swelling, tightness in the affected area, and discomfort when wearing shoes or socks. The skin may also appear stretched or shiny. Treatment for edema focuses on addressing the underlying cause. Lifestyle changes such as elevating the legs, reducing sodium intake, and staying active can help manage swelling. A podiatrist can provide specialized assessments to determine the cause of edema and recommend effective treatments, including compression therapy and exercises to improve circulation. If you are experiencing persistent swelling, it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist. They can help diagnose the issue and create a tailored treatment plan to restore your foot health.

Swollen feet can be a sign of an underlying condition. If you have any concerns, contact Luis Esquerdo Cruz, DPM of Dr. Esquerdo Podiatry and Laser Center . Our doctor can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

Swollen feet are a common ailment among pregnant women and people who stand or sit for extended periods. Aging may increase the possibility of swollen feet and patients who are obese often notice when their feet are swelling too. There may be medical reasons why swollen feet occur:

• Phlebitis - A condition that causes the veins to become inflamed and can also cause leg pain.
• Liver disease - This may lead to low blood levels of albumin which is a protein. This can cause fluid in the blood to pass into the tissues and several areas of the body can become swollen.
• Heart failure - When the heart doesn’t pump properly the blood that is normally pumped back to the heart can pool in the veins of the legs causing swollen feet.
• Kidney disease - One of the main functions of the kidneys is releasing excess fluid in the body. This type of condition can make it difficult for the kidneys to function properly, and as a result the feet may become swollen.
• Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT)- This is a serious condition where blood clots form in the veins of the legs. They can block the return of blood from the legs to the heart which may cause the feet to swell. It is important to be treated by a podiatrist if this condition is present.

Swollen feet can also be caused by bone and tendon conditions, including fractures, arthritis, and tendinitis. Additionally, there may be skin and toenail conditions and an infection may cause the feet to swell. Patients who take medicine to treat high blood pressure may be prone to getting swollen feet. 

Many patients elevate their feet to help relieve the swelling and this is generally a temporary remedy. When a podiatrist is consulted the reason behind the swelling can be uncovered and subsequently treated.

If you have any questions please feel free to contact our office located in San Juan, PR . We offer the newest diagnostic tools and technology to treat your foot and ankle needs.

In older adults, foot and ankle pain is common. Pain originating in the feet often includes arthritis, bunions, and plantar fasciitis, which develop due to joint wear, inflammation, or tissue strain. Conversely, pain can also start outside the feet from nerve compression in the spine or hip arthritis, which can radiate down to the feet and cause discomfort. Aging naturally changes foot structure. Fat pads on the soles are thin, making feet more vulnerable to pressure, skin becomes drier and less elastic, and ligaments may stretch, causing flat feet or instability. Treatment often includes supportive, well-fitted shoes and custom orthotics to reduce strain. In more severe cases, injections, like corticosteroids, reduce inflammation. Surgery may be necessary to correct structural issues or relieve persistent pain. If you are elderly and experience foot or ankle pain, it is suggested that you schedule an appointment with a podiatrist for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Proper foot care is something many older adults forget to consider. If you have any concerns about your feet and ankles, contact Luis Esquerdo Cruz, DPM from Dr. Esquerdo Podiatry and Laser Center . Our doctor can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

The Elderly and Their Feet

As we age we start to notice many changes in our body, but the elder population may not notice them right away. Medical conditions may prevent the elderly to take notice of their foot health right away. Poor vision is a lead contributor to not taking action for the elderly.

Common Conditions 

• Neuropathy – can reduce feeling in the feet and can hide many life-threatening medical conditions.
• Reduced flexibility – prevents the ability of proper toenail trimming, and foot cleaning. If left untreated, it may lead to further medical issues.
• Foot sores – amongst the older population can be serious before they are discovered. Some of the problematic conditions they may face are:
• Gouging toenails affecting nearby toe
• Shoes that don’t fit properly
• Pressure sores
• Loss of circulation in legs & feet
• Edema & swelling of feet and ankles

Susceptible Infections

Diabetes and poor circulation can cause general loss of sensitivity over the years, turning a simple cut into a serious issue.

If you have any questions please feel free to contact our office located in San Juan, PR . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot and ankle needs.

Foot cramps can be both painful and disruptive, often stemming from a variety of factors. One common cause is wearing tight shoes, which can constrict blood flow and lead to muscle spasms. Overexertion during physical activities can also trigger cramps, particularly if the muscles are not adequately conditioned or warmed up. Dehydration is another significant factor, as insufficient fluid intake can disrupt electrolyte balance, resulting in cramping. Low levels of potassium, an essential mineral for muscle function, can further contribute to the issue, leading to increased susceptibility to cramps. Foot cramps can be uncomfortable and can cause difficulty in completing daily activities. If this is a common occurrence for you, it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist to find the cause, followed by treatment options.

Foot Pain

Foot pain can be extremely painful and debilitating. If you have a foot pain, consult with Luis Esquerdo Cruz, DPM from Dr. Esquerdo Podiatry and Laser Center . Our doctor will assess your condition and provide you with quality foot and ankle treatment.

Causes

Foot pain is a very broad condition that could be caused by one or more ailments. The most common include:

• Bunions
• Hammertoes
• Plantar Fasciitis
• Bone Spurs
• Corns
• Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
• Ingrown Toenails
• Arthritis (such as Gout, Rheumatoid, and Osteoarthritis)
• Flat Feet
• Injury (from stress fractures, broken toe, foot, ankle, Achilles tendon ruptures, and sprains)
• And more

Diagnosis

To figure out the cause of foot pain, podiatrists utilize several different methods. This can range from simple visual inspections and sensation tests to X-rays and MRI scans. Prior medical history, family medical history, and any recent physical traumatic events will all be taken into consideration for a proper diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment depends upon the cause of the foot pain. Whether it is resting, staying off the foot, or having surgery; podiatrists have a number of treatment options available for foot pain.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our office located in San Juan, PR . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.

Partial nail avulsion is a surgical procedure used to treat ingrown toenails, a condition where the edge of the toenail grows into the surrounding skin, causing pain and inflammation. This procedure involves the removal of the affected portion of the toenail to alleviate discomfort and prevent recurrence. During the procedure, a podiatrist first administers a local anesthetic to numb the toe, ensuring minimal discomfort. Once the area is numb, the doctor carefully lifts the ingrown edge of the nail and removes it, allowing the surrounding tissue to heal. In some cases, a chemical agent may be applied to prevent the nail from growing back in an ingrown manner. Recovery typically involves keeping the area clean and dry, with follow-up care to monitor healing. This treatment can provide significant relief for individuals suffering from painful ingrown toenails. If you have an ingrown toenail, it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist who can determine if this type of minor foot surgery is right for you.

Foot surgery is sometimes necessary to treat a foot ailment. To learn more, contact Luis Esquerdo Cruz, DPM of Dr. Esquerdo Podiatry and Laser Center . Our doctor will assist you with all of your foot and ankle needs.

When Is Surgery Necessary?

Foot and ankle surgery is generally reserved for cases in which less invasive, conservative procedures have failed to alleviate the problem. Some of the cases in which surgery may be necessary include:

• Removing foot deformities like bunions and bone spurs
• Severe arthritis that has caused bone issues
• Cosmetic reconstruction

What Types of Surgery Are There?

The type of surgery you receive will depend on the nature of the problem you have. Some of the possible surgeries include:

• Bunionectomy for painful bunions
• Surgical fusion for realignment of bones
• Neuropathy decompression surgery to treat nerve damage

Benefits of Surgery

Although surgery is usually a last resort, it can provide more complete pain relief compared to non-surgical methods and may allow you to finally resume full activity.

Surgical techniques have also become increasingly sophisticated. Techniques like endoscopic surgery allow for smaller incisions and faster recovery times.

If you have any questions please feel free to contact our office located in San Juan, PR . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot and ankle needs.